Sporting Violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sporting Violence - Essay Example h a hockey stick, with a blade or butt, was not a reasonable practice and fell outside the ambit of the implied consent.† (Supra note 25 at 128) and the accused was found guilty of overreacting. Major league baseball considers the commissioner to be the final arbiter of disputes between the clubs and the league and also gives it the authority to impose punishments, much like the NBA and the NHL. (Major League Agreement Art I. (1988) These powers are the result of the uniform player contract and the collective bargaining agreement, that establishes the disciplinary authority of both the team and the commissioner. (CBA of NBA, art 23; exhibit â€Å"standard club rules†) The role of the state and police, along with the courts in restricting sporting violence can be of a limited nature, and the last recourse. This position is taken, based on the fact that rough play is a part of the game, and the competitive edge coupled with the rush of adrenaline, may make players indulge in violent acts. The judges, who are called upon to arbitrate are familiar with the mentality of a sportsperson, and they may not be aware of the unspoken rules of conduct, which are a part of all sports. The role of law as arbiter, comes into focus because when a player steps over the line, if his action is not castigated by the games governing authority because â€Å"where there are obvious infractions of the criminal law, the authorities are duty bound to take whatever action is necessary to prevent a repetition of such conduct.† (R v. Henderson [1976] The court in Hackbart v.Cincinnati Bengel Inc.( Hackbart v Cincinnati Bengal Inc. 601 F2d 516 (19th Cic 1979) said ‘courts are ill suited to decide different social questions and to determine what is an acceptable level of conduct on what is much like a ‘battlefield.† and so just as there are a separate set of laws for the army it is not unreasonable to put sportspersons and sporting violence under the purview of their disciplinary bodies,

Corporate governance and business ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Corporate governance and business ethics - Essay Example They are respecting and encouraging the shareholder rights, protecting the interests of all stakeholders, performing the board’s responsibilities properly, following integrity and ethics, and having transparency in transactions. Business ethics too has become an important subject at academic level and also within major organisations. This interest in business ethics is visible in the big organisations’ evident emphasis on promoting non-economic social values. In simple terms, business ethics aims at handling situations where there is a possibility of business going unethical. In other words, as businesses function in social and natural environment, they are supposed to be accountable towards the environment and society they exist in. In the present business climate where there are multinational giants, the paths chosen by these companies have huge impact on the lives of people. There are a number of subjects that come under the purview of general business ethics. The fi rst one is corporate social responsibility that deals with the ethical rights among companies and also towards society. In addition, it deals with the moral responsibilities and rights that exist between a company and its stakeholders. Another matter is the relation among different companies, especially during takeovers, and espionage. Another factor is the issues associated with corporate leadership, and political contributions by the company. A look into history will prove that the rise in interest in business ethics has its beginning in 1970s. Before the world wars, the business world was full of unethical practices ranging from colonialism and slavery. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is the obligation of a company to be responsible to all of the stakeholders in its operation to achieve sustainable development, not only economically, but also in social and environmental dimensions. In other words, corporate responsibility means the responsibility of the company towards all its stakeholders ranging from owners, investors, employees, customers, government, suppliers, competitors and the community. In the words of Kotler, and Lee (2008, p.3), corporate social responsibility is the commitment of a company to improve community well-being through its operations and contributions. Nokia: The Company in Concern The company that is considered for analysis of corporate governance is Nokia. The company had its beginning in the year 1865 in South-Western Finland as a forest industry enterprise, and the founder was a mining engineer named Fredrik Idestam. By the beginning of 1989s, Nokia strengthened its hold in telecommunications and consumer electronics markets. As Parthasarthy (2006, p. 338) reports, there were number of acquisitions ranging from Mobira, Salora, Televa and Luxor. In addition, it acquired parts of the German Standard Elektrik Lorenz, French company Oceanic, and Dutch company NKF; and in the case of corporate governance, Nokia follows Helsinki, N ew York, Stockholm, and Frankfurt stock exchange rules and recommendations as applicable (ibid). The company runs in accordance with the provisions of Finnish Companies Act, and the control and management of Nokia, the Articles of Association, is divided among the shareholders, the Board of Directors, the President and the Nokia